However an electric car naturally has much more power than a single cell could provide, so multiple battery cells are grouped together into a battery module (where the cells are arranged in a frame to protect from vibrations and heat build-up).įinally, multiple modules are organised into the overall battery pack which is installed in electric cars. This particular movement of ions occurs inside an individual battery cell, similar to the battery inside your cell phone. When you plug your EV in to charge back up, the ions move back to the negative electrode, restoring the car’s battery capacity and therefore driving range. Okay, so pretty much all modern electric cars use lithium-ion batteries, which are rechargeable and contain lots of lithium atoms which can be electrically charged and discharged (known as an ion).Ī fully charged battery will have the ions at the negative electrode (the cathode), which will transfer to the positive electrode (the anode) when they have been discharged (i.e. Let’s explore some of this in more detail below!ħ Putting It All Together: The Battery Pack Battery Structure And Necessary Raw Materialsīefore we can go into exactly how electric car batteries are produced, it is worth talking about the battery structure and the materials that go into them. The end result is a battery pack which is made up of multiple battery modules, a cooling system/mechanism and a small electrical power management system. These are then packaged into small individual battery cells (alongside other materials such as plastic, aluminum, and steel), before themselves being packed into battery modules. So how exactly are these lithium-ion batteries for electric cars made? The short answer is that a number of rare metals need to be dug out of the earth from various mines. However, the journey that these lithium-ion batteries make when being produced is a very interesting one: from multiple (sometimes unsafe) mines in far-off countries to being packaged into a powerful, high capacity battery which can drive a car forward at very high speeds. The massive 300-550 kg battery packs that go into electric cars are probably the most important component by far, just like the importance of an internal combustion engine to a traditional car.
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